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Welcome to the 802.11 series of blogs for beginners in the field of wireless networking. In this blog, we will discuss the basic components of the 802.11 MAC architecture. The basic component of any network communication is data, which is in the form of packets, frames, or bits.
A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted over the network, and contains routing information that helps it to reach its destination. The Network layer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model uses the packets as a data unit. On the other hand, the frame is a unit of data used in the Data-Link layer of the OSI model. Frames contain information related to the flow control, frame synchronization, and error checking.
A bit is a binary digit, 0 or 1, that is a basic unit of communication in the Physical layer of the OSI model. Data is processed and transmitted from one device to another on a network. Internally, the data transmission starts from the Application layer of one device and travels to the Physical layer while adding some information to the data packet. When the data packet reaches the Physical layer, it is transferred as modulated bits on the medium, which may be wired or wireless. As you may know, OSI model has seven layers, each layer appends some information to the data that is transmitted from the Application layer (Layer 7) to the Physical layer (Layer 1).
At the Network layer (Layer 3), an IP header is prepended to the data that is received from the upper layers. At the Data-Link layer (Layer 2), a MAC header, including an address, is prepended to the data and the IP packet is encapsulated inside a frame. Once the frame moves to the Physical layer, PHY information is prepended to the frame. Finally, data is transferred as bits, which are binary digits: 0 and 1, at the Physical layer.
An 802.11 network deals with the following two layers of the OSI model: • • Data-Link Layer The Data-Link layer of the OSI model is categorized into two sublayers: • Logical Link Control (LLC): Contains data in the form of MAC Service Data Unit (MSDU). As mentioned earlier, data moves down from the Network layer to the Data-Link layer of the OSI model. But ideally, the Network layer directs data to the LLC sublayer of the Data-Link layer.
The data received on the LLC sublayer comprises the MSDU, which is a data payload that includes IP packets, and LLC data. The LLC sublayer is the same for 802.3 (Ethernet) and 802.11 (Wi-Fi), so it is not addressed specifically in our certifications. • Media Access Control (MAC): Creates a data frame in the form of MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) after receiving the MSDU. The MAC layer receives the MSDU from the LLC sublayer, and adds the MAC header information to it.
This data frame is now called the MPDU. The following figure shows an 802.11 MPDU data frame. Free scan mac for virus windows 10.